Economic Viability Assessment is an assessment of whether the borrower’s business model, market demand, cost structure, cash flows, and external environment can sustain operations and repay debt. In MSME credit, it converts borrower behaviour, financial signals, compliance gaps or business dependencies into a clearer risk view for approval and monitoring. For example, stable orders, diversified customers, manageable debt and experienced promoters support viability, while repeated losses or weak controls reduce comfort. It matters because it helps the lender decide whether to proceed, add conditions, seek mitigants, reduce exposure or monitor the account more closely. The common mistake is to treat the indicator as a final decision by itself; it should be supported by evidence, trend analysis and credit judgement.